Tunes control - Delta - TU Dortmund

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Location & approach

By car

The campus of the Technical University of Dortmund is located near the freeway junction Dortmund West, where the Sauerland line A45 crosses the Ruhr expressway B1/A40. The Dortmund-Eichlinghofen exit on the A45 leads to the South Campus, the Dortmund-Dorstfeld exit on the A40 leads to the North Campus. The university is signposted at both exits.

By bus and train

The "Dortmund Universität" S-Bahn station is located directly on the North Campus. From there, the S-Bahn line S1 runs every 15 or 30 minutes to Dortmund main station and in the opposite direction to Düsseldorf main station via Bochum, Essen and Duisburg. In addition, the university can be reached by bus lines 445, 447 and 462. Timetable information can be found on the homepage of the Rhine-Ruhr Transport Association, and DSW21 also offer an interactive route network map.

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

By H-Bahn

One of the landmarks of the TU Dortmund is the H-Bahn. Line 1 runs every 10 minutes between Dortmund Eichlinghofen and the Technology Center via Campus South and Dortmund University S, while Line 2 commutes every 5 minutes between Campus North and Campus South. It covers this distance in two minutes.

By plane

From Dortmund Airport, the AirportExpress takes just over 20 minutes to Dortmund Central Station and from there the S-Bahn (suburban train) takes you to the university. A wider range of international flight connections is offered by Düsseldorf Airport, about 60 kilometers away, which can be reached directly by S-Bahn from the university's train station.

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Cafeteria menus

To overview

Location & approach

By car

The campus of the Technical University of Dortmund is located near the freeway junction Dortmund West, where the Sauerland line A45 crosses the Ruhr expressway B1/A40. The Dortmund-Eichlinghofen exit on the A45 leads to the South Campus, the Dortmund-Dorstfeld exit on the A40 leads to the North Campus. The university is signposted at both exits.

By bus and train

The "Dortmund Universität" S-Bahn station is located directly on the North Campus. From there, the S-Bahn line S1 runs every 15 or 30 minutes to Dortmund main station and in the opposite direction to Düsseldorf main station via Bochum, Essen and Duisburg. In addition, the university can be reached by bus lines 445, 447 and 462. Timetable information can be found on the homepage of the Rhine-Ruhr Transport Association, and DSW21 also offer an interactive route network map.

Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)

By H-Bahn

One of the landmarks of the TU Dortmund is the H-Bahn. Line 1 runs every 10 minutes between Dortmund Eichlinghofen and the Technology Center via Campus South and Dortmund University S, while Line 2 commutes every 5 minutes between Campus North and Campus South. It covers this distance in two minutes.

By plane

From Dortmund Airport, the AirportExpress takes just over 20 minutes to Dortmund Central Station and from there the S-Bahn (suburban train) takes you to the university. A wider range of international flight connections is offered by Düsseldorf Airport, about 60 kilometers away, which can be reached directly by S-Bahn from the university's train station.

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Setting the operating points

The operating points (tunes) of a storage ring describe the number of so-called betatron oscillations of the stored particle beam per revolution. They are crucial tuning parameters for stable operation and must therefore be constantly monitored and readjusted if necessary. The tunes are set with the aid of beam-focusing quadrupole magnets. For this purpose, 3 horizontally and 4 vertically focusing quadrupole circuits are available, each of which is arranged in the arcs of the DELTA storage ring. For automatic control, a classic Proportional Integral Differential (PID) feedback system has been used for many years.

The picture shows simulated operating point calculations (Qx, Qy) with the superconducting Wiggler magnet (SAW) switched on and off. — Simulated operating point calculations (Qx, Qy) with superconducting wiggler magnet (SAW) switched on and off.

The picture shows the structure of the neural network for ML-based working point correction. — Structure of the neural network for a ML-based tunes control.

The picture shows the Necktie stability diagram for a triplet base cell of the DELTA storage ring. The triplet cell is shown schematically as an inlet. — "Necktie" stability diagram for a triplet unit cell (insert) of the DELTA storage ring. The operating point (horizontal tune) per cell is shown in colour as a function of the quadrupole strengths (QF, QD).

In a test scenario, this system was replaced with an ML-based control mechanism. For this purpose, quadrupole strengths (actuator data) were systematically and randomly varied, and the corresponding tune shifts (sensor data) were measured. These actuator/sensor measurement pairs serve as the dataset for supervised training of classical, "shallow" (not deep) feed-forward neural networks (see picture left). During training, the networks "learn" the correlation between changes in quadrupole strengths and shifts in operating points, and can subsequently be used for automatic correction. This approach was successfully employed for both the simulated storage ring and in real machine operation. Further details can be found in the internal report and in the IPAC-21 and ICALEPCS-21 conference papers.